Jean Paul Sartre was the first person to voluntarily decline the Nobel Prize.
In 1964, Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, but made it known that he did not wish to accept the prize as he had always declined official honours. This was quite unusual in the history of the Nobel Prizes - only once previously had a literature laureate declined the Nobel Prize. In 1958, Boris Pasternak first accepted the prize, but was later instructed by the authorities of his country (Soviet Union) to decline it.
Sartre was awarded the Nobel Prize "for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age."
More on Sartre’s refusal: https://bit.ly/2ZP590B
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